th icaac, san francisco, ca, september delmas g, perlin d, chen past expiration luvox ok zw and zarif l amphotericin � cochleates evaluation for the oral treatment of aspergillosis in murine model, the th international symposium of controlled release of past expiration luvox ok bioactive materials, san diego, ca, june , pp delmas g, park s, chen zw, tan f, kashiwazaki r, zarif l and perlin ds efficacy of orally delivered cochleates containing amphotericin � in a murine model of aspergillosis antimicrob past expiration luvox ok agents chemother graybill jr, navjar l, bocanegra r, scolpino a, mannino rj and past expiration luvox ok zarif l a new lipid vehicle for amphotericin b, abstract, th icaac, past expiration luvox ok san franscisco, ca, september, abs delmarre d, lu r, taton n, krauseelsmore s, past expiration luvox ok gouldfogerite s and mannino rj cochleatemediated delivery formulation of hydrophobic drugs into cochleate delivery vehicles a simplified protocol & bioral formulation kit drug del techno l ramani � and balasubramanian s fluorescence properties of laurdan in cochleate past expiration luvox ok phases bioehim biophys acta l rex jh, walsh tj, sobel jd, filler sg, pappas pg, dismukes we and edwards je practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis infectious diseases society of america clin infect dis saag ms, graybill rj, larsen ra, pappas pg, perfect jr, powderly wg, sobel jd and past expiration luvox ok dismukes we practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease infectious diseases society past expiration luvox ok of america clin infect dis stevens da, kan vl, judson ma, morrison past expiration luvox ok va, dummer s, dening dw, bennett je, walsh tj, patterson tf and pankay past expiration luvox ok ga practice guidelines for diseases caused by aspergillus infectious diseases society of past expiration luvox ok america clin infect dis hiemenz jw and walsh tj lipid formulations of amphotericin past expiration luvox ok b recent progress and future directions clin infect dis suppl graybill jr, najvar lk, bocanegra r, scolpino a, mannino rj and zarif l cochleate a new lipid vehicle for amphotericin b icaac abs zarif l, graybill j, najvar l, perlin d and mannino rj amphotericin � cochleates novel lipidbased drug past expiration luvox ok delivery system for the treatment of systemic fungal infections, th ishalm world congress, may , buenos aires, argenti segarra i, movshin da and zarif l past expiration luvox ok extensive tissue distribution of amphotericin � after intravenous administration in cochleate vehicle to mice th international symposium on controlled release of bioactive materials, seoul, korea segarra i, movshin d and zarif l pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous past expiration luvox ok administration of a single dose of amphotericin � cochleates, a new lipid past expiration luvox ok based delivery system pharm sci legrand p, vertutdoi a and bolard j comparative internalization and recycling of different amphotericin � formulations by a macrophagelike cell line antimicrob chemother bratosin d, mazurier j, tissier jp, slomianny c, estaquier j, russomarie f, huart jj, freyssinet jm, aminoff d, ameisen jc and montreuil past expiration luvox ok j molecular mechanism of erythrophagocytosis characterization of the senescent erythrocytes that are phagocy past expiration luvox ok tized by macrophages cr acad sci paris sciences de la vielife sci past expiration luvox ok popescu c, adams l, franzblau s and zarif l cochleates potentiate the efficacy of the antimycobacterial drug, clofazimine icaac abs jin t cochleates without metal past expiration luvox ok cations as bridging agents us patent application slayton w, anstine d, lakhdir f, sleasman j and neiberger r tetany in a child with aids receiving intravenous tobramycin south med j keating mj, sethi mr, bodey gp and samaan na hypocalcemia with hypopara thyroidism and renal tubular dysfunction associated with aminoglycoside past expiration luvox ok therapy cancer rrc new ed, liposomes, a practical approach, irl press, oxford university press, new york gouldfogerite s, mazurkiewicz je, raska � jr, voelkerding k, lehman jm and mannino rj gene perez o, brach g, lastre m, mora past expiration luvox ok n, del campo j, gil d, zayas c, acevedo r, gonzales d, past expiration luvox ok lopez j, taboada � and solis rl novel adjuvant based on a proteoliposomederived past expiration luvox ok cochleate structure containing native polysaccharide as a pathogenassociated molecular pattern immunol cell past expiration luvox clomid and injectable gonadotropins ok biol aerosols as drug carriers n renee labiris, andrew p bosco and myrna past expiration luvox ok b dolovich introduction as the end organ for the treatment of local diseases or as the route of administration for systemic therapies, the lung is a very attractive target for drug delivery table the lung provides direct past expiration luvox ok access to the site of disease for the treatment of respiratory illness, without the inefficiencies and unwanted effects of systemic drug delivery in addition, it past expiration luvox ok provides an enormous surface area and a relatively low enzymatic environment for the absorption of drugs to treat systemic diseases table inhaled medications have been past expiration luvox ok available for many years for the treatment of lung diseases inhalational delivery has been widely accepted as being the optimal route of administration of first line therapy for asthmatic and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases drug formulation plays an important role in producing an effective inhalable medication in addition to being past expiration luvox ok pharmacologically active, it is important that a drug be efficiently delivered into the lungs, to the appropriate site of action and remain in the lungs until the desired pharmacological effect occurs a drug designed to treat a past expiration luvox ok systemic disease, such as insulin for diabetes, must be deposited in the lung past expiration luvox ok periphery to ensure maximum systemic bioavailability for gene therapy, anti cancer or anti infective treatment, cellular uptake and prolonged residence in the lungs of the drug may be required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect thus, a formulation that is retained in the lungs for the desired length of time and avoids the clearance mechanisms of the lung may be necessary the human lung contains airways and approximately million alveoli with a surface area of m, equivalent to that of a tennis court as a major port past expiration luvox ok of table advantages of pulmonary delivery of drugs to treat respiratory and systemic disease treatment of respiratory diseasestreatment of systemic diseases deliver high drug concentrations directly to the disease site minimizes risk of systemic side effects rapid clinical response bypass the barriers to therapeutic efficacy, such as poor gastrointestinal absorption and firstpass metabolism in the liver achieve a similar or superior therapeutic past expiration luvox ok effect at a fraction of the systemic dose for example, oral salbutamol mg is therapeutically equivalent to xg by mdi a noninvasive needlefree delivery system past expiration luvox ok suitable for a wide range of substances amitriptyline and ergotamine from small molecules to very large proteins enormous absorptive surface area m and a highly permeable membrane to past expiration luvox ok fim thickness in the alveolar region large molecules with very low absorption rates can be absorbed in significant quantities the slow mucociliary clearance in the lung periphery results in prolonged residency in the lung a less harsh, low past expiration luvox ok enzymatic environment avoids firstpass metabolism reproducible absorption kinetics pulmonary delivery is independent past expiration luvox ok of dietary complications, extracellular enzymes and interpatient metabolic differences that affect gastrointestinal absorption past expiration luvox ok entry, the lung has evolved to prevent the invasion of unwanted airborne past expiration luvox ok particles from entering into the body airway geometry, humidity, mucociliary clearance and alveolar past expiration luvox ok macrophages play a vital role in maintaining the sterility of the lung, and consequently, they can be barriers to the therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled medications the size of the drug particle can play an important role in past expiration luvox ok avoiding the physiological barriers of the lung and targeting to the appropriate lung region fig nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from to nm studies have demonstrated that they are taken up by macrophages, cancer cells, past expiration luvox ok and epithelial cells their small size ensures the particles containing the active pharmacological ingredient will reach the alveolar regions however, the use of an aerosol past expiration luvox ok delivery system that generates nanosized particles for inhalation, places these particles at past expiration luvox ok risk of being exhaled, leaving very few drug particles to be deposited in the periphery of the lung residence time is not long enough for past expiration luvox ok the particles to be deposited by sedimentation or diffusion aerosols as drug carriers diffusionseemntationinertia!